Legal, Constitutional & Human Rights Library

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     INFORMATIVE VIDEOS:
     Facing Circumcision Eight Physicians Tell Their Stories
     Restoration in Focus   Instructional Video for Foreskin Restoration
     They Cut Babies, Don't They?   One Man's Struggle Against Circumcision
     Whose Body, Whose Rights?   Award-winning documentary seen on PBS!

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Legal, Constitutional & Human Rights Library

NOTE: Links with a right-facing blue arrow will take you off this site.

All articles listed below are written by either attorneys, medical professionals or human rights advocates. A more complete listing of legal, constitutional and human rights articles may be found in the legal library pages of the Circumcision Information Resource Pages. Additional assistance is available from Attorneys for the Rights of the Child.

On this site (most recent articles first):

Circumcision Cuts Penis Sensitivity BJU International 2007

The cruel cut that ruined a man's life The Sunday Times (Sydney) December 26, 1999

Circumcision is assault, ethicist says Montreal Gazette October 18, 1997

Infant Male Circumcision: Examining the Legal and Human Rights Issues J. Steven Svoboda 1997

Circumcised Boys May Sue Health Law Update (Australia), 1996

Are Baby Boys Entitled to the Same Protection as Baby Girls Regarding Genital Mutilation? Zenas Baer 1996

Suit claims N.D. genital mutilation law biased Fargo Forum, 1996

Lawsuit argues N.D. female mutilation law is unconstitutional because it doesn't protect males, too Minot Daily News, 1996

Primum Non Nocere: "First, Do No Harm" Jill Durnford, R.N., 1996

Advocacy: Rhetoric or Practice Iva Phillips, R.N. Nursing B.C. 1994

Circumcision: The Legal and Constitutional Issues Charles A. Bonner and Michael J. Kinane Truth Seeker 1989

Religious Exemptions from Child Abuse Statutes Pediatrics, 1988
(see also: Religious Objections to Medical Care Pediatrics, 1997)

On other sites (most recent articles first):

Prophylactic interventions on children: balancing human rights with public health F.M. Hodges, J.S. Svoboda and R.S. Van Howe Journal of Medical Ethics, February 2002

Muslim M.D. mounts gender challenge to Canada's law against female genital mutilation 2/01

Circumcision of Healthy Boys: Criminal Assault? Gregory J. Boyle, Ph.D., J. Steven Svoboda, Christopher Price, and J. Neville Turner, Journal of Law & Medicine, February 2000

Involuntary Circumcision: The Legal Issues R.S. Van Howe, J. Steven Svoboda, James G. Dwyer and Christopher P. Price, British Journal of Urology International, January 1999

Justifying the Unjustifiable: Rite v. Wrong Abbie Chessler Buffalo Law Review 1997 (lengthy article)

Valencia Declaration on Sexual Rights XIII World Congress on Sexology 1997

Male Circumcision: A Legal and Ethical Affront Chris Price Bulletin of Medical Ethics 1997

Circumcision and the Code of Ethics George C. Denniston, M.D. Human Health Care International 1996

Male Circumcision: Medical or Ritual David Richards Journal of Law & Medicine 1996

Circumcision No Longer a "Routine" Surgical Procedure Eleanor LeBourdais Canadian Medical Assn. Journal 1995

Legal Remedies for Penile Torts David Llewellyn 1995

Parent's Religion & Children's Welfare: Debunking the Doctrine of Parents' Rights (Abstract) James Dwyer
California Law Review 1994 [Full 76-page article available from NOHARMM for $10 photocopy/mailing charge.]

Circumcision: Medical or Human Rights Issue? Marilyn Milos, R.N. Journal of Nurse-Midwifery 1992

Circumcision as Child Abuse: The Legal & Constitutional Issues William E. Brigman Journal of Family Law 1984

Therapeutic and Non-Therapeutic Medical Procedures: What are the Distinctions? Margaret Somerville
Health Law in Canada 1981

Medical Interventions and the Criminal Law: Lawful or Excusable Wounding? Margaret Somerville
McGill Law Journal 1980

Other informative pages:

Body Image Surveys Examine Men's (Dis)Satisfaction with Circumcision Recommended!
Circumcised boys prone to penis problems, study shows Sex & Health March 1998
Circumcision of the Female G.P., 1958
Circumcision in the Female: Its Necessity and How to Perform It American Journal of Clinical Medicine, 1915
Circumcision: Male-Effects Upon Human Sexuality (color-coded photographs of male genital anatomy and functions) Marilyn F. Milos, R.N. and Donna Macris, C.N.M. Human Sexuality: An Encyclopedia 1994 Recommended!
Circumcision Reversal Gains in Popularity New Mexican November 29, 1996
Common Denominators Between Male and Female Circumcision
Dr. Nahid Toubia: From Health or Human Rights to Health and Human Rights: Where Do We Go From Here? Journal of Health & Human Rights, 1995
Dr. Nahid Toubia: Excerpts from Female Circumcision Article Relevant to Male Circumcision International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics,1994
Dr. Nahid Toubia: Excerpts from Female Circumcision Radio Interview Relevant to Male Circumcision KMUD, 1996
Easy Questions/Hard Answers: Circumcision in American Society Anne Briggs, 1985 Recommended!
Estimated U.S. Incidence of Neonatal Circumcision Complications (1940-1990)
Female Circumcision: Indications and a New Technique G.P., 1959
Genital Pain vs. Genital Pleasure: Why the One and Not the Other? James W. Prescott, Ph.D. Truth Seeker, 1989
The Geography of Genital Mutilations James DeMeo, Ph.D. Truth Seeker, 1989
How is Female Circumcision Trivialized? The Same as Male Circumcision (quotes: African men/women)
How to Identify Circumcision Damage in the Adult Male (photos) Recommended!
Long-term consequences of Neonatal Circumcision Sexual Mutilations: A Human Tragedy 1997 Recommended!
Male Raised as Female is Studied New York Times 1998
Non-Circumcision Notification Form
Not a "Snip," But 15 Square Inches Recommended!
The Foreskin is Necessary. (foreskin functions/harm of circumcision) Paul Fleiss, M.D. Mothering 1997
The Problem of Circumcision in America The Truth Seeker 1989
The Ritual of Circumcision Human Nature, 1978
Short History of Circumcision in the Physicians' Own Words
Similarities in Male & Female Genital Anatomy. (illustrated) Thomas Ritter, M.D Say No to Circumcision 1996
Statements on Circumcision from the American Academy of Pediatrics (1971-1998)
Statistics on Human Genital Mutilation
Vaccination and Infant Circumcision are Not Comparable

Why Does Infant Circumcision Persist in North America?

Anatomy of the Penis and Mechanics of Intercourse (anatomical and physiological illustrations)
Care of the Intact Penis (NOCIRC brochure)
Care of the Circumcised Penis (NOCIRC brochure)
Circumcision: The Hidden Trauma How an American Cultural Practice Affects Infants and Ultimately Us All Ron Goldman, Ph.D. 1997
Complications of Circumcision Williams N and Kapila L. British Journal of Surgery 1993
Foreskins for Sale
Informed Consent, Parental Permission and Assent in Pediatric Practice Pediatrics, 1995
The Joy of Uncircumcising! Jim Bigelow, Ph.D. 1995
Medical policies on circumcision in other medically advanced nations outside the U.S. Recommended!
Normal development of the prepuce and the importance of smegma
The prepuce: specialized mucosa of the penis and its loss to circumcision. John P Taylor, M.D. British Journal of Urology, 1996 Recommended!

More Pages Related to Male & Female Circumcision