Perspectives on Circumcision: Scholarly Works

Compilation page of published articles by ethicist Brian D. Earp on male, female and intersex childhood genital cutting LINK

Anatomy of the Penis and Mechanics of Intercourse (anatomical and physiological illustrations)

Are Baby Boys Entitled to the Same Protection as Baby Girls Regarding Genital Mutilation? Zenas Baer, J.D.

Babies Remember Pain David Chamberlain, Ph.D., Pre- & Perinatal Psychology Journal, 1989

Banished Knowledge: Facing Childhood Injuries Alice Miller, 1990

Circumcised Boys are Prone to Penis Problems, Study Shows Sex & Health, 1998

Circumcision and the Code of Ethics George C. Denniston, M.D. Human Health Care International, 1996

Circumcision in the Female: Its Necessity and How to Perform It B.E. Dawson, M.D.
American Journal of Clinical Medicine, 1915

Circumcision of the Female C.F. McDonald, M.D. G.P., 1958

Circumcision: A Jewish Feminist Perspective Miriam Pollack, 1995

Circumcision: The Legal and Constitutional Issues Charles A. Bonner and Michael J. Kinane Truth Seeker 1989

Circumcision: Male-Effects Upon Human Sexuality (color-coded photos of male genital anatomy and functions)
Marilyn F. Milos, R.N. and Donna Macris, C.N.M. Human Sexuality: An Encyclopedia, 1994

Circumcision: Medical or Human Rights Issue? Marilyn Milos, R.N. Journal of Nurse-Midwifery 1992

Circumcision: Power & Profit 2420 B.C. to 1988 A.D. John Money, Ph.D. Journal of Sex Research 1989

Easy Questions/Hard Answers: Circumcision in American Society Anne Briggs, 1985

Female Circumcision: Indications and a New Technique W.G. Rathmann, M.D. G.P., 1959

The Foreskin is Necessary. (foreskin functions/harm of circumcision) Paul Fleiss, M.D. Mothering 1997

Global Survey of Circumcision Harm (2012 to present)

The Geography of Genital Mutilations James DeMeo, Ph.D. Truth Seeker 1989

Genital Pain vs. Genital Pleasure: Why the One and Not the Other? James Prescott, Ph.D. Truth Seeker 1989

How is Female Circumcision Trivialized? The Same Way as Male Circumcision

Infant Male Circumcision: Examining the Legal and Human Rights Issues J. Steven Svoboda 1997

Informed Consent, Parental Permission and Assent in Pediatric Practice Pediatrics, 1995

Importance of Genital Mutilations to Gender Power Politics Seham Abd el Salam, Al Raida 2002

Involuntary Circumcision: The Legal Issues British Journal of Urology, 1999

Long-Term Consequences of Neonatal Circumcision Tim Hammond Sexual Mutilations: A Human Tragedy 1997

Male Genital Mutilation (Circumcision) A Feminist Study of a Muted Gender Issue (Post masters Fellowship Research by Seham Abd el Salam - Cairo, Egypt - June, 1999)

Male Circumcision: A Gender Perspective Joseph Zoske Journal of Men's Studies, 1998 (lengthy but excellent)

Medical Interventions and the Criminal Law: Lawful or Excusable Wounding? Margaret Somerville
McGill Law Journal 1980

Normal development of the prepuce and the importance of smegma

The Normal Foreskin in the Young Child P. Catzel Medical Journal of South Africa, 1982

The prepuce: specialized mucosa of the penis and its loss to circumcision John P Taylor, M.D.
British Medical Journal 1996 (highlights: circumcision removes 50% or more of the penile skin, more than most parents envisage; the foreskin constitutes a specialized sensory component of the penis, providing a large and important platform for several nerves and nerve endings; articles on circumcision consistently fail to discuss the foreskin as a tissue worthy of preservation in its own right.)

Primum Non Nocere: First, Do No Harm Jill Durnford, R.N.

The Ritual of Circumcision Karen E. Paige Human Nature 1978

Short History of Circumcision in North America: In the Physicians' Own Words

Similarities in Male & Female Genital Anatomy Thomas Ritter, M.D. Say No to Circumcision 1996

Therapeutic and Non-Therapeutic Medical Procedures: What are the Distinctions? Margaret Somerville
Health Law in Canada 1981

The Universality of Incest Lloyd DeMause Journal of Psychohistory, 1991. Article concludes with discussion of female and male circumcision customs.

Why Does Infant Circumcision Persist in North America?